Osteoarthritis (OA), commonly referred to as degenerative joint disease, is the most prevalent type of arthritis and a leading cause of joint discomfort and stiffness. This condition occurs when the cartilage that covers and protects the ends of the bones in your joints deteriorates over time. Cartilage plays a critical role in joint health; it serves as a shock absorber and a smooth surface that allows bones to glide effortlessly against one another during movement.
Cartilage ensures smooth, pain-free motion in healthy joints by reducing friction and cushioning the bones. However, this protective layer becomes thinner in osteoarthritis and eventually wears away completely in affected joints. Without this vital cushioning, the bones grind against each other, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. Over time, the joint can lose its normal shape, and bony growths, called bone spurs, may form. In some cases, small fragments of bone or cartilage can break off and float within the joint space, further contributing to pain and inflammation.
Osteoarthritis can develop in any joint, but it most commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine. It can also impact the hands, particularly the base of the thumb and finger joints. The condition typically progresses slowly, with symptoms worsening over time, making it difficult to perform everyday activities.
The primary symptoms of osteoarthritis often begin subtly but tend to worsen over time. One of the most common signs is joint pain, which typically occurs during movement or after prolonged use of the affected joint. Stiffness is another symptom, particularly noticeable after periods of inactivity, such as waking up in the morning or sitting for extended periods. Swelling around the joint is also common, as inflammation or excess fluid accumulates due to the joint's wear and tear.
As osteoarthritis progresses, it can significantly impact mobility and joint function. You may experience a reduced range of motion, making it difficult to move the joint as freely as before. The affected joint may feel weaker or less stable, increasing the risk of giving way during use. In advanced cases, the joint can appear noticeably different, with visible deformities such as bony protrusions or changes in alignment. These symptoms can affect daily activities and overall quality of life, highlighting the importance of early recognition and management.
The exact cause of osteoarthritis isn’t fully understood, but experts believe it often develops gradually with age. Primary osteoarthritis is commonly linked to the natural aging process, as the daily wear and tear on joints over time can contribute to the breakdown of cartilage. This gradual deterioration can make joints more vulnerable to damage and lead to the onset of symptoms.
Certain factors can directly harm the joints and increase the risk of osteoarthritis. These include injuries from sports, falls, or car accidents, as well as health conditions like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or joint hypermobility syndrome, which affect joint stability and structure. Additionally, other types of arthritis, particularly inflammatory forms such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or psoriatic arthritis, can lead to secondary osteoarthritis by causing chronic inflammation and joint damage over time.
To prevent osteoarthritis, it's important to prioritize your overall health. This includes avoiding tobacco products, which can negatively impact your joints, and maintaining a healthy, balanced diet tailored to your individual needs. Regular low-impact exercises, such as walking or swimming, can also help keep your joints flexible and strong. Additionally, wear your seatbelt while driving, as this can help prevent injuries that may lead to joint problems later on.
Taking precautions during physical activities is key to avoiding joint damage. Make sure to wear the proper protective equipment for sports or any work-related tasks that could put stress on your joints. It's also crucial to stay on top of your health by visiting your healthcare provider regularly and addressing any joint discomfort or changes early on. These proactive steps can reduce the risk of osteoarthritis and promote long-term joint health.
Non-Surgical
Living with osteoarthritis may require adjustments to your routine, especially when symptoms flare up. Depending on the severity and timing of your symptoms, you may need to modify or temporarily avoid certain activities. It can be helpful to work with an occupational therapist if you're struggling with everyday tasks. These healthcare professionals specialize in assisting individuals with physical challenges, like arthritis, and can provide personalized strategies to make daily activities easier.
Occupational therapists might suggest using adaptive tools, such as jar grips, to help with tasks that require hand strength. They can also teach you safe ways to enjoy hobbies, sports, and other activities, minimizing strain on your joints. They can also offer practical tips to manage joint pain during flare-ups, helping you maintain a higher level of comfort and function throughout the day.
Surgical
Surgery is not typically necessary for most people with osteoarthritis. However, if you're dealing with severe symptoms that haven’t improved with other treatments, your healthcare provider may suggest surgery. In some cases, a joint replacement (arthroplasty) may be recommended. Your provider or surgeon will explain the procedure and what you can expect throughout the process.
Physical therapy offers several techniques to help manage osteoarthritis. Range-of-motion exercises are designed to improve flexibility and reduce stiffness in the affected joint. Strengthening exercises focus on building muscle around the joint to provide better support and protection. Low-impact aerobic activities, like walking, cycling, or swimming, are also beneficial for enhancing overall fitness, reducing pain, and improving joint function. Manual therapy, including joint mobilization and manipulation, can help increase mobility and alleviate discomfort.
In addition to physical exercises, physical therapy can involve various modalities such as heat, cold, ultrasound, and electrical stimulation to reduce inflammation and pain. Therapists also provide valuable education on joint protection, proper body mechanics, and pain management strategies. By working with a physical therapist, individuals can develop a personalized, long-term plan to manage osteoarthritis, enhance joint function, and improve their quality of life.
Exercises are an essential part of managing osteoarthritis, as they help improve joint flexibility, reduce pain, and enhance overall mobility. Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or cycling are ideal for individuals with osteoarthritis, as they minimize stress on the joints while still promoting cardiovascular health and strength. Stretching and range-of-motion exercises are also beneficial, as they help maintain flexibility and prevent stiffness in the affected joints. Regular exercise can support the muscles surrounding the joints, providing extra stability and reducing the risk of further damage.
Strengthening exercises are another important component of an osteoarthritis routine. These exercises focus on building muscle strength around the affected joints, which can help relieve pressure on the bones and improve joint function. Working with a physical therapist can ensure that exercises are done correctly and tailored to your specific needs. Consistency is key when it comes to exercise, as it can significantly improve your quality of life and make managing osteoarthritis more manageable over time.
For more information about osteoarthritis treatment in Long Island, contact Hicksville Physical Therapy today.
